Ah, the "Ship of Theseus!" One of my favorite classical paradoxes! I ponder this one a lot, because in many ways, it is similar to a question which for me is, perhaps, the thing I would most like to know:
If we achieve the ability/technology to transfer individual consciousness into a clone body; or to upload it into a virtual world; or to replace the brain with a manmade (mechanical) analogue; --- will the
"you" that wakes up from the procedure be the same
"you" that went under anaesthesia? Presumably to others, you would be just the same because you would have every tiny nuance of experience and character as before. But would your
individual awareness continue, as it does after regular surgery? Or would it simply be someone else, a new awareness, who
believes they're you?
In the case of the "Ship of Theseus," and in your hypothetical case as well, I believe that the vessel is still the same because by whatever name it is called, it represents a conceptual entity which is not dependent on its physical components.
This isn't the best analogy, but take the Burning Man. Every year they go out onto the desert and burn an effigy which obviously must be made out of different wood each year. Yet each time it is the
same Burning Man, because the wood and so forth represent a conceptual entity.
In the last instance, if the sum of the replacement parts was still the same ship, and you took the old parts and put them back together, that ship would be the same ship too. But I wouldn't try to sail in it.
"What's wrong with that generation? ... Is this what comes of putting on Pink Floyd laser lightshows down at the Planetarium?" --Spider Robinson