pKa is the information you want to know about, and you're gonna need to be measuring the pH to know when is the point you are satisfied with. pKa will tell you about how much of a substance is in freebase form at a given pH. Check
this thread out and the calculator posted by infundibulum.
As you can see
here, DMT's pKa is 8.68. At that pH, 50% of DMT will be freebased. The higher the pH, the more of it will be freebased. There is a curve relationship between the pH and the freebased alkaloid, so in the beginning a raise in 1 pH point will make a big difference, but the more the pH rises the less it changes the amount of freebased alkaloid. At some point the pH raise will make very little difference. So for example:
(for DMT)
pH 8.68 = 50% freebased
pH 9.68 = 90.91% freebased
pH 10.68 = 99.01% freebased
pH 11.68 = 99.9% freebased
So if you raise the pH to something above 10, thats already plenty.
That being said, I dont think you should really worry about this when converting DMT fumarate to freebase. The amount of sodium carbonate contamination should be negligible if you do either the conversion type 1 or 3 of the
Nexus WIKI's fumarate to freebase conversion tek. In type 1, the sodium carbonate should remain in the water and not precipitate, while in type 3 the dry acetone/IPA will anyways not pick up any of the sodium carbonate, only the alkaloids.
Personally I never tried the second conversion method, it seems there might be more sodium carbonate contamination but, first of all, it can easily be washed with a very dilute sodium carb solution (or even pure water), which when cold (not more than room temp) will pick up the sodium carb but not the DMT.
Also do notice that sodium carbonate will not vaporize at your lighter's temperature and its neither toxic.