The study aimed to determine concentrations of the main bio- and psychoactive components of ayahuasca used in different locations and traditions. We collected 102 samples of brews from ayahuasca-using communities. Concentrations of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), tetrahydroharmine, harmine, and harmaline were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Qualitative analyses for non-traditional additives (moclobemide, psilocin, yuremamine) were performed by high resolution mass spectrometry. Higher and more variable concentrations of DMT in neoshamanic ayahuasca samples compared to indigenous samples may indicate use of higher and more variable proportions of DMT-containing admixture plants. From European samples, we found two related samples of analog ayahuasca containing moclobemide, psilocin, DMT, yuremamine, and very low concentrations of B. caapi alkaloids. Some analogs of ayahuasca (Peganum harmala, Mimosa tenuiflora) were used in Europe. No analogs were found from Brazil or Santo Daime ceremonies in Europe.

Decline of THH/HME ratio
with the degree of Daime corresponds to longer boiling
times and also to increasing number of repeated
extractions of the same plant material during feitio,
and may be related to different qualitative subjective
effects of different degrees of Daime

Average (minimal – maximal)
percentages from the sum of the concentrations of the
4 analytes were: DMT 26.2% (9.2–63.7%); THH 29.8%
(1.4–55.4%); harmine 41.5% (15.0–75.0%); harmaline
2.5% (0.3–16.8%). [..]

Harmaline/harmine concentration ratios around
0.1 have been detected in brews from Santo Daime
where P. harmala is not used. [..]

As seen in Figure 3, there was also
a trend toward higher DMT/HME ratios among Daime
samples (n = 53) compared to shamanic samples.

[...]

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