thank you
Nirvana21..these trees in their truly native environment are beautiful to see, thank you. As they are known to have indigenous medicinal significance, and are now rare, i would hope they remain respected there..Genetic studies indicated that A. confusa originally evolved as a species in the northern Philippines, and was taken to Taiwan some time in the distant past...where it's been incorporated into local customs for quite a while..
thank you
dithyramb for those insights too
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..in the interests of keeping this thread more up to date, i'm mentioning some recent findings for the species, which could provide an answer to the mystery of A. confusa bark
Oral Activity, on it's own without the addition of MAOIs..for that original report see page 1 of the thread (#2)
A paper published a few months ago has reported some interesting new indole alkaloids in the bark..
"Indole alkaloids from the bark of Acacia confusa and their potential antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities" by Yang Wang,Shuang-Gang Ma,Li Li &Shi-Shan Yu, Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, Aug 2022
the abstract:
Quote:"A pair of novel trimeric indole alkaloid enantiomers [( ± ) -8], five new bisindole alkaloids [4–7 and ( ± ) -9], and three pairs of new monomeric indole alkaloid enantiomers [(± ) -1–( ± ) -3], together with seven known alkaloids (10–16), were isolated from the bark of Acacia confusa. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods, especially by NMR data analyses combined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism analyses. Compounds 4 and 11–16 exhibited significant antinociceptive activities in an acetic acid-induced writhing test. Compounds (+)-9 and (−)-9 displayed anti-inflammatory activities through the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, with inhibitory rates of 68.9% and 59.5%, respectively, at a concentration of 10 µM."
..I haven't seen the full paper yet or had time to investigate more, but I've attached the structure of the 'trimeric indole alkaloid enantiomers'
Something crucial here is that these alkaloids don't seem to make it through an acid/base/non polar extraction process (where all our known tryptamines have been found) ..we can speculate on 2 possible explanations. Firstly, that the alkaloids are of a kind that will migrate to the polar phase of a basic solution..as flavonoid derivatives or histamines in acacias usually would.
And secondly, and more interestingly, that the compounds are broken apart by heat or pH change, much like the complex indole Yuremamine in Mimosa hostillis (tenuiflora)..Yuremamine won't make it through such extraction processes, it's broken into other constituents (it has a DMT molecule within it), and has been found to be an MAOI, explaining the oral activity of some cold water only mimosa preparations..it's also interestingly a Flavonoid derivative...
These new confusa compounds (complex indoles) would seem to be in the raw bark, but not extractions or heated preparations. The original report of oral activity was from bark powdered and simmered..for how long is unclear..
while there was speculation a betacarboline could be responsible, they are only found in small traces in A. confusa, not enough to provide required MAO inhibition..
These new and fascinating looking bisindoles (and other indoles) provide another potential mechanism for the oral activity, and have their own potential activity, and offer much new research material. Pain reducing is already noted...the researchers only looked at this and anti-oxidant activity...
A. confusa is certainly a tree of deep cultural significance, and medicinal use, in it's indigenous environments, as part of the TCM pharmacopeia, and now in modern research fields.
other recent results - there is also a second Stem bark test that endlessness has run, in the Acacia Analysis Thread, showing appreciable amounts of tryptamines..
PS some parts of SE Asia have done a very good job of developing sustainable cultivation models for useful acacias
PPS any chemists that want to speculate on these new compounds (bisindoles, complex indoles etc) - please step in
As a plant, Acacia confusa is a tree with folkloric themes of faithful love, birds, and reunification...most beautiful
nen888 attached the following image(s):
trimeric indole alkaloid enantiomers - A confusa.png
(182kb) downloaded 99 time(s).