Dont discard wash water, rather keep it, and put it back to main container or at the end add lye to it and try to do a pull on wash water.
I say this because mescaline is a bit polar in its freebase form, so maybe some gets washed away with water.
Regarding what happened there, did those chunks or precipitates form as you added the base ? Did they dissapear after, or how did you get it solved?
It looks like some nasty emulsion, I´d add plenty of table salt and more lye to help breaking it up.