Infundibulum wrote:ZenSpice wrote:jamie wrote:why are they calling sativa and indica "strains"? They are species.
A fair point well raised.. Sub-species of the same genus would be technically correct I believe.
I slap myself for my lazy prose
If two different species can breed with each other AND produce a fertile offspring (this is key word here) then technically they can be regarded as the same species.
Offspring of sativas and indicas are also fertile so their parents are regarded as being the same species (with "sativa" and "indica" being the subspecies).
The same logic applies to humans (inter-racial breeding) but does not apply to e.g. horses and donkeys, as the latter can mate and produce offspring but the resulting mules are sterile.
So indicas and sativas are pretty much strains technically speaking.
I respect you all, but I'm going to explain why I believe there is not only 1 species of Cannabis (I have had some education in Plant Taxonomy).
(note: I have searched for and not found Linnaeus's Original Description of Cannabis sativa's character traits):
Zoologists prefer the Biological Species Concept;
most current and recent Botanists prefer the Morphological Species Concept due to the existence of the following types of non-ideal species: 1). Hybrid-Swarm species (morphologically distinct, but reproductively viable) and 2). Cryptic Species (morphologically identical, but reproductively isolated).
What you all have been describing so far is the Biological Species Concept.
The Morphological Species Concept is based upon similarities/differences in the morphology of the various plant structures.
Relevant side note: There is 2 methods that I was taught to classify plant species (Botanists prefer method #2).
The (older) 1). Artificial classification system
The (newer) 2). Natural classification system.
1). Designed for non-scientists; based upon very few character traits; low character trait correlation; has a tendency to group unrelated organisms.
2). Designed for scientists; based upon many character traits; high character trait correlation; tendency to group related organisms.
The Natural classification system utilizes homologous character traits and analogous characters.
There are 2 types of Natural Classification:
1). Phenetic Classification
2). Phlogenetic Classification
1). Based upon character trait correlations, not phylogeny. Attempts to reflect overall similarity; gives equal significance to all character trait states; "important" plant character trait states
are not subjectively chosen by a human (each human may choose different sets of important traits); much more objective method. Uses homologous and analogous traits; this method accepts character convergence. disadvantage = convergent evolution complicates this.
2). Based upon ancestral descent; attempts to reflect phylogeny. Certain "important" character trait states are selected- and those are given a greater significance during classification; subjective character trait bias is inherent. Uses only homologous character traits; this method does not accept character trait convergence.
disadvantage = subjective character bias inherent.
> Since Cannabis sativa is specifically prohibited, we should attempt to get right down to: legally, and taxonomically- what is a Cannabis sativa? It is likely based upon the exact wording used by Linnaeus within the Original Description.
I realize that THC is prohibited as well, but I believe that Cannabis has more than 1 species. Anytime something is "overly vague" it can be struck down when legally challenged; I think it could be argued that inherent subjective character bias is equal to overly vague. I also believe that Cannabis would be shown to have multiple species if all character trait states were given equal significance.
An interesting paper that supports the multiple species concept of cannabis is
"A Chemotaxonomic Analysis of Cannabinoid Variation in Cannabis (Cannabaceae)" by Karl W. Hillig and Paul G. Mahlberg.P.S. Spread the word about the alleged anti-tumor effects of certain cannabinoids found within Cannabis.