One interesting tidbit;
mescaline salts as found in the plants cross cell membranes easily in solution.
The blending/shredding/powdering of plants in my experience is often redundant and not needed, it liberates far more waxy materials and doesn't seem to provide a clear advantage.
Then again I use a simple concentration gradient method:
Say you have 1 given volume of cactus with a concentration of 1%.
You cover it with an equal volume of water with low to no TDS to begin with.
Let it sit for a time, this allows the concentration of soluble molecules, in this case an alkaloid, to reach equal concentration in the solution, heat can accelerate this but can also degrade the plant matter introducing more lipids and other junk into solution.
After sitting for a time in an equal volume of water the concentration of the plant reaches 1/2 of 1% or 0.5%.
Repeat the process and you get 0.25%
Repeat again and you get 0.125%
Again and you get 0.0625 %
If you have 4X the volume of the cactus to begin with the initial method results 75% of the soluble alkaloids in solution.
so 1% becomes 0.25% and a repeat results in 0.0625%.
The alkaloid in solution is easy to recover, I have not tried boiling filtering and freezing the solution obtained thus, but that may precipitate crystals due to the citric acid present in the cacti. However one can boil the solution to concentrate it, this results in the reverse of the process, thus if the total concentration is 0.25% by reducing the volume with boiling the concentration increases, decrease the volume by 1/2 and the concentration doubles to 0.5% and so on.
One can easily confirm this method, put a few thick slices of cactus into an equal volume of water and let them sit overnight, as long as it is not too cold you will notice the water becomes bitter with alkaloid, however there is little to no slime and very little green/brown chlorophyll.
Imagine you had 500lbs of cactus, hypothetically of course.
If you had a large barrel you could put the coarsely chopped plant material to soak, then draw off the solution after hours to a day or two and then repeat while concentrating the solution by boiling it down. When the plant and the water have no bitterness there is no need to repeat, this is easy to test, taste the water and taste the plant material. This method works well for freeze damaged material and allows large quantities of cacti to be processed.
One can take the solution obtained from the soak and boil it down into smaller volume, this volume can be placed into a single extraction vessel and extracted via normal STB and A/B methods.
This method lacks a name, but is related to osmosis and serial dilution.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_dilution