^ yeah, a great example with familiar alkaloids would be the b-carbolines.
For an electron to decay to a lower energy state and emit a photon, it has to get to that energy state somehow in the first place, usually by absorbing a different (higher energy) photon. Think of plucking a G on a guitar (ground state), then playing the first harmonic, (1 node) you are promoting the vibration to 1 higher energy state, this can be repeated 2nd harmonic (2 nodes), 3rd harmonic (3 nodes)
In the case of conjugated system, we are promoting the pi bonding orbital (HOMO) to its anti bonding orbital (LUMO) Typically the energy required to do this is very high, but delocalization of electrons through an increasingly conjugated system lowers the energy difference between orbitals, so a longer wavelength could be absorbed.
Transistion metals can have pretty colours too, same concept, but the photon emitted come from the d-orbital splitting, which the electrons from these non-degenerate orbitals can move to one another, the differences in energy are much lower than your pi bonding orbitals, its easier to get visible blues and greens.
In organic compounds, it is all about electron delocalization. Delocalization is resonance, resonance is conjugated pi systems.
Harmine, harmaline (dihydroharmine), and tetrahydroharmine are all extremely similar molecules differing only by double bonds within the ring system.
Harmine is fully conjugated, harmaline -1 pi bond, and THH has only the conjugated indole moiety.
Now getting to the point, what is cool about this, take these three alkaloids and compare them with UV light.
The delocalization of electrons allows for easier excitation of electrons with UV light
With a lesser conjugated system, higher energy photon, a shorter wavelength is needed to excite the molecule.
So this is why we see harmine, having the most delocalized system of the three emit a blue light when exposed to UV light, the other alkaloids are green/blue and green.
The conjugation also effects the polarity of the hetero cyclic amine, so they are easily identified on TLC which also affects the basicity.This is also the property that allows you to seperate harmine and harmaline in your rue extraction. Wonderful, makes for an easy analysis. The perfect tool for the analysis would be HPLC-UV for so many reasons.
Expect nothing, Receive everything.
"Experiment and extrapolation is the only means the organic chemists (humans) currrently have - in contrast to "God" (and possibly R. B. Woodward). "
He alone sees truly who sees the Absolute the same in every creature...seeing the same Absolute everywhere, he does not harm himself or others. - The Bhagavad Gita
"The most beautiful thing we can experience, is the mysterious. The source of all true art and science."