Healy, C. J., Kellie Ann Lee, and Wendy D’Andrea. "Using psychedelics with therapeutic intent is associated with lower shame and complex trauma symptoms in adults with histories of child maltreatment." Chronic Stress 5 (2021): 24705470211029881. Quote:Abstract
Background
Child maltreatment negatively affects the formation of internal schemata of self and other during development, leading to negative adaptations in self-concept and social cognition. Clinical reports suggest the efficacy of psychedelics in treating the psychopathological sequelae of child maltreatment. Altering maladaptive schemata of self and other implicated in negative self-concept and impaired social cognition may be a central mechanism for reducing posttraumatic stress symptoms.
Aims
This study aims to assess whether psychedelic use moderates the relationships between child maltreatment and self-concept, social cognition, and posttraumatic stress symptoms.
Method
An online survey was completed by 166 participants and included measures of maltreatment exposure and severity, history of intentional therapeutic psychedelic use, posttraumatic stress symptoms, internalized shame, and facial emotion recognition.
Results
Child maltreatment significantly correlated with posttraumatic stress symptoms (r = .26 and r = .20, p < .01) and internalized shame (r = .18, p < .05). Of all maltreatment subtypes, emotional abuse and neglect most strongly correlated with complex trauma symptoms (r = .32, p < .001) and internalized shame (r = .31, p < .001). Participants with a history of intentional therapeutic psychedelic use reported significantly lower complex trauma symptoms (d = 0.33, p < .05) and internalized shame (d = 0.35, p < .05) despite similar histories of maltreatment. Differences in complex trauma symptoms (d = 0.66, p < .01) and internalized shame (d = 0.80, p < .001) were largest for participants with a history of more than 5 occasions of intentional therapeutic psychedelic use. A history of more than 5 occasions of intentional therapeutic psychedelic use significantly moderated the relationship between emotional abuse and neglect and complex trauma symptoms (p < .01). No associations were found between maltreatment or psychedelic use and facial emotion recognition.
Conclusion
These findings demonstrate that using psychedelic drugs with therapeutic intent is associated with lower levels of complex trauma symptoms and internalized shame in individuals with histories of child maltreatment. Psychedelic use may have therapeutic benefit in treating the posttraumatic sequelae of child maltreatment. Open Access: https://journals.sagepub...0.1177/24705470211029881
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Ayahuasca and Public Health: Health Status, Psychosocial Well-Being, Lifestyle, and Coping Strategies in a Large Sample of Ritual Ayahuasca Users === Long-term effects of ayahuasca in patients with recurrent depression: a 5-year qualitative follow-up === Another long term users survey: Human Psychopharmacology of Hoasca, A Plant Hallucinogen Used in Ritual Context in Brazil
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Wichlinski, Lawrence J. "Possible involvement of an endogenous benzodiazepine receptor ligand of the inverse agonist type in the regulation of rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep: An hypothesis." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 20.1 (1996): 1-44.
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Kagan, Stephen. "The content of complex psychedelic experiences resulting from inhalation of N,N-dimethyltryptamine". The Journal of Psychedelic Studies. https://akjournals.com/v...1556-2054.2022.00209.xmlAbstract Aim This study examines narratives describing complex psychedelic experiences after smoking N,N-dimethyltryptamine. Methods The narrative accounts examined here were gathered from a variety of online sites and analyzed in order to discover themes, categories and patterns in the phenomenon of the resulting psychedelic experiences. Results Subjects reported seeing complex and unusual visual and synesthetic phenomena, leaving this world and entering into extraordinary places, encounters with a variety of strange entities, interactions with unusual objects and a wide variety of powerful feelings. The general categories of Places, Objects, Entities and Feelings were found in the phenomena experienced by people who smoked N,N-Dimethyltryptamine. These provided a framework within which more detailed subcategories were found and the range of most frequent to least frequent experiences were identified. Discussion While DMT experiences are commonly described by people smoking N,N-dimethyltryptamine as indescribable, unique to everyone and taking place in a single domain called Hyperspace or the Hyperdimension, this research found distinct subcategories of frequently visited Places as well as frequently encountered Entities, Objects and Feelings. From these a more comprehensive understanding can be developed of the unusual and profound experiences resulting from inhalation of N,N,-Dimethyltryptamine.
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Phenomenology and content of the inhaled N, N-dimethyltryptamine (N, N-DMT) experience David Wyndham Lawrence, Robin Carhart-Harris, Roland Griffiths & Christopher Timmermann Abstract Understanding the phenomenology and content of the inhaled N, N, dimethyltryptamine (N, N-DMT) experience is critical to facilitate and support ongoing research and therapeutic models targeting mental health conditions and central nervous system pathology. A qualitative analysis was conducted of all N, N-DMT experiences posted to the r/DMT Reddit community over a 10-year period from 2009 to 2018. A total of 3778 experiences from 3305 posts were included in this study. A median dose of N, N-DMT of 40.0 mg [interquartile range (IQR), 27.5 to 50.0] and a median experience duration of 10 min (IQR, 5.0 to 15.0) were identified. The most common somatic effects were somaesthesias (n = 1415, 37.5%) and an auditory ringing (n = 583, 15.4%). Visualizations predominantly consisted of fractals, shapes, patterns (n = 1231, 32.6%) and vivid colours (n = 953, 25.2%). Entity encounters were reported in 45.5% (n = 1719) of the experiences and involved predominantly a feminine phenotype (n = 416, 24.2%); deities (n = 293, 17.0%); aliens (n = 281, 16.3%); creature-based entities (n = 158, 9.2%, including reptilian and insectoid beings); mythological beings (n = 144, 8.4%, including machine elves); and jesters (n = 112, 6.5%). Entity interactions were predominantly positive (n = 600, 34.9% of encounters) involving benevolent, comforting, protecting, or outwardly caring interactions. A companion-type, pedagogical, or guide-type interaction was identified 32.4% of encounters (n = 557). Common typology, architecture, and structural features of the “DMT world” included descriptions of alternate or higher dimensions (n = 952, 25.2%); rooms [n = 582, 15.4%, including the “waiting room” (n = 105, 2.8%)], and a tunnel (n = 390, 10.3%). Features of mystical and ego-dissolution experiences were common. Additional rewarding aspects were identified, including a sense of familiarity and the acceptance/removal of the fear of death. Challenging and difficult responses were less frequent but also documented. Statements of profundity were identified in 232 experiences (6.1%), including pronouncing the experience or an aspect of the experience as the most “beautiful” or feeling the most “beautiful” of their life (n = 47, 1.2%). This study identified common phenomenological themes and content of naturalistic inhaled N, N-DMT experiences. Major thematic domains included (1) physical and somatic experiences; (2) visualizations and imagery; (3) entity encounters including entity phenotype, descriptors, attributes, disposition, and characteristics of the interaction; (4) typology, architectural features, structural characteristics, and scenery of the “DMT world”; (5) alterations in consciousness (including mystical experiences, out-of-body experiences, and ego-dissolution); (6) emotional responses (including positive, rewarding, difficult, and challenging); and (7) statements of profundity. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-11999-8
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Synthesis, antioxidant and cytoprotective activity evaluation of C-3 substituted indole derivatives - 10.1038%2Fs41598-021-94904-z-citation.ris Code:TY
JOUR
AU - Jasiewicz, Beata
AU - Kozanecka-Okupnik, Weronika
AU - Przygodzki, Michał
AU - Warżajtis, Beata
AU - Rychlewska, Urszula
AU - Pospieszny, Tomasz
AU - Mrówczyńska, Lucyna
PY - 2021
DA - 2021/07/29
TI - Synthesis, antioxidant and cytoprotective activity evaluation of C-3 substituted indole derivatives
JO - Scientific Reports
SP - 15425
VL - 11
IS - 1
AB - A series of fifteen indole derivatives substituted at the C-3 position were synthesized and characterized. The antioxidant activity of all derivatives was investigated by three in vitro antioxidant assays, and the derivative with pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate moiety was the most active as a radical scavenger and Fe3+-Fe2+ reducer. It can be stated that possible hydrogen and electron transfer mechanism is suggested for the quenching of the free radical. Moreover, the indolyl radical stabilization and the presence of unsubstituted indole nitrogen atom are mandatory for the observed antioxidant activity, which strongly depends on the type of the substituent directly connected to the methylene group at the C-3 position. Human red blood cells (RBC) have been used as a cell model to study derivatives interaction with the cell membrane. Haemolytic activity and RBC shape transformation were observed for certain derivatives in a concentration-dependent manner. However, most of the derivatives at sublytic concentration showed high cytoprotective activity against oxidative haemolysis induced by 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH). The cytoprotective properties of derivatives can be explained mostly due to their interactions with the RBC membrane components. Taking together, theoretical estimations and experimental data confirm the beneficial interactions between the selected C-3 substituted indole derivatives and the RBC membrane under oxidative stress conditions. These results encourage us to further structural optimization of C-3 substituted indole derivatives as potent antioxidant compounds.
SN - 2045-2322
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94904-z
DO - 10.1038/s41598-021-94904-z
ID - Jasiewicz2021
ER -
A look at a few non-psychedelic aspects of selected indoles, which could be extrapolated to known tryptamine psychedelics and some of their health benefits. Open access article. “There is a way of manipulating matter and energy so as to produce what modern scientists call 'a field of force'. The field acts on the observer and puts him in a privileged position vis-à-vis the universe. From this position he has access to the realities which are ordinarily hidden from us by time and space, matter and energy. This is what we call the Great Work." ― Jacques Bergier, quoting Fulcanelli
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